Daily fluctuations in young children’s persistence
Corresponding Author
Julia A. Leonard
Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
Correspondence
Julia Leonard, Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511 USA.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorDavid M. Lydon-Staley
Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Search for more papers by this authorSophie D. S. Sharp
Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Search for more papers by this authorHunter Z. Liu
Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Search for more papers by this authorAnne T. Park
Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Search for more papers by this authorDanielle S. Bassett
Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Department of Physics & Astronomy, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA
Search for more papers by this authorAngela L. Duckworth
Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Search for more papers by this authorAllyson P. Mackey
Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Julia A. Leonard
Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
Correspondence
Julia Leonard, Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511 USA.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorDavid M. Lydon-Staley
Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Search for more papers by this authorSophie D. S. Sharp
Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Search for more papers by this authorHunter Z. Liu
Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Search for more papers by this authorAnne T. Park
Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Search for more papers by this authorDanielle S. Bassett
Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Department of Physics & Astronomy, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA
Search for more papers by this authorAngela L. Duckworth
Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Search for more papers by this authorAllyson P. Mackey
Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Search for more papers by this authorFunding information
This research was supported by a Jacobs Foundation Early Career Research Fellowship to A.P.M., NIDA (1R34DA050297-010) to A.P.M, a University of Pennsylvania MindCORE Postdoctoral Fellowship to J.A.L., and NIDA (K01DA047417) to D.M.L.
Abstract
Children's behavior changes from day to day, but the factors that contribute to its variability are understudied. We developed a novel repeated measures paradigm to study children's persistence by capitalizing on a task that children complete every day: toothbrushing (N = 81; 48% female; 36–47 months; 80% white, 14% Multiracial, 10% Hispanic, 2% Asian, 1% Black; 1195 observations collected between January 2019 and March 2020). Children brushed longer on days when their parents used more praise (d = .23) and less instruction (d = −.22). Sensitivity to mood, sleep, and parent stress varied across children, suggesting that identifying the factors that shape an individual child's persistence could lead to personalized interventions.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare no competing interests.
Open Research
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
All data, materials, and preregistrations are available on the Open Science Framework: https://osf.io/vr2du/.
Supporting Information
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| cdev13717-sup-0001-Supinfo.docxWord 2007 document , 471.4 KB | Supplementary Material |
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
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